Valvular Disease of the Heart, Accompanied by Rheumatic Subcutaneous Nodules

Valvular heart disease: rheumatic or rheumatoid?

Coconut Atrium in Long-Standing Rheumatic Valvular Heart Disease

BACKGROUND Complete calcification of the left atrium (LA) is called "coconut atrium", which decreases the compliance of LA, leading to the elevation of LA pressure that is transmitted to the right-side of the heart. The pathogenesis of LA calcification in patients with rheumatic heart disease is unknown; however, possible mechanisms include chronic strain force in the atrial wall and inflammati...

The Rheumatic Nodules in the Heart.

Subcutaneous nodules of Still's disease.

The observations of Collins (1937) and of Bennett, Zeller, and Bauer (1940) established clearly the pathological differentiation of the ordinary subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic fever and in rheumatoid arthritis. In brief, the rheumatic fever nodule is characterized by much fibrinoid material arranged in a lattice with apparently clear spaces between the strands, considerable oedema, but relat...

Observations regarding artificially induced subcutaneous nodules in rheumatic fever patients.